All grades are up to date. Some people have yet to turn in their connotation / denotation practice and / or their figurative language practic sheet and / or their commonly misused words sheet.
Do SO NOW, please.
Coming up:quiz on literary elements and literary devices tomorrow. Class handout from last Tuesday. Please review. Another copy below.
In class (period 3. Periods 7 and 8 are working with counsellors in class today).
Rhetorical Devices (class handout / copy below)
Name _______________________Rhetoric
Rhetoric is a technique of using
language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form. It is an art
of discourse, which studies and employs various methods to convince, influence
or please an audience.
What are rhetorical devices?
Rhetorical devices are
strategies used to put forth your argument. Note that figurative language
devices (those marked with an asterisk below) are common rhetorical language
devices
Device Definition
1.
anaphora the repetition
of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses
2.
epistrophe the repetition of a word at the end of
each phrase or clause: “I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth.”
3.
analogy the comparison of two pairs that have the same
relationship. The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you
can choose the correct second pair. Part to whole, opposites, results of are
types of relationships you should find
4.
apostrophe interruption
of thought to directly address a person or a personification: “So, I ask you,
dear reader, what would you have me do?”
5.
* imagery language that evokes one or
all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling
touching
6.
counterpoints
contrasting ideas such as black/white, darkness/light, good/bad
7.
* hyperbole
exaggeration or
overstatement
8.
irony an expression, often humorous or sarcastic,
that exposes perversity or absurdity
Aristotelian Appeals
9.
logos appeals to the head using logic, numbers,
explanations, and facts. Through Logos, a writer aims at a person's intellect.
The idea is that if you are logical, you will understand
10. ethos
appeals to the conscience, ethics, morals, standards, values,
principles
11. pathos appeals to the heart, emotions, sympathy,
passions, sentimentality.
Name_____________________________ Rhetorical Devices Practice
Part 1:
Identify the rhetorical device –logos, ethos or pathos- employed in the
following examples and explain how they are used.
1. “Doctors all over the world recommend this type of treatment.”
Rhetorical device______________________
How
used:____________________________________________________________________________
2. Yes, this car is more expensive, but
don't you want your family to be safe?
Rhetorical device___________________________
How
used:___________________________________________________________________________
3. “My endless volunteering resume,
years of experience interacting and assisting the people of this community, and
efficient cooperation skills work to build me up as the most appropriate
candidate for mayor.”
Rhetorical device__________________________________
How
used:___________________________________________________________________________
4. "Based on the dozens of
archaeological expeditions I’ve made all over the world, I am confident that
those potsherds are Mesopotamian in origin."
Rhetorical device____________________________________
How used: ___________________________________________________________________________
5. "The algorithms have been run in a
thousand different ways, and the math continues to check out."
Rhetorical
device___________________________________
How used: _________________________________________________________________________
6. "You’ll make the right decision
because you have something that not many people do: you have
heart."
Rhetorical
device_________________________________
How
used:_______________________________________________________________________
7. "In 25 years of driving the same
route, I haven’t seen a single deer."
Rhetorical
device__________________________________
How
used:_______________________________________________________________
8. "You will never be satisfied in
life if you don’t seize this opportunity. Do you want to live the rest of your
years yearning to know what would have happened if you just jumped when you had
the chance?"
Rhetorical
device__________________________________
How used:_________________________________________________________________
Literary
elements are the
universal constituents of literature and thus can be found in any written or
oral story.
PLOT STRUCTURE
Exposition
Background information? About characters, setting,
situation?
Complication? When does the first conflict/problem arise and
develop ? What other problems start to arise and continue to develop?
Crisis What is the moment of decision (internal dilemma resolved)
for the main character? When is the character faced with his/her internal
conflict and realizes she/he must make a decision?
Climax When does the character MAKE his
decision and ACT on it? What actions results from this decision? What is the
highest point of interest (in terms of action) in the story? When is the
suspense (regarding what the character will do to solve the problem) over?
Resolution (denouement) Tying
up of loose ends
Other plot devices/terms include: flashback,
flash forward, time lapse, suspense, foreshadowing, cliffhangers, surprise
endings, closed endings, open endings.
Theme: The story's message or main point.
Conflict: What
people/forces/ideas/interests/values/institutions oppose each other?
(man against man, many against
nature, man against himself)
Characterization: What kinds of person/people are the
character(s)? Their beliefs/hopes/dreams/ideals/ values/morals/fears/strengths/weaknesses/vices/virtues/talents?
How do they conduct themselves? What do they say and do to reveal themselves?
What do others say and do about the? What are your opinions or feelings about
them? Classifications of types of characters include: protagonist, antagonist,
foil, stereotype, flat, round, static, dynamic.
What do others say and do? What are your opinions or
feelings about them? Classifications of types of characters include:
protagonist, antagonist, foil, stereotype, flat, round, static, dynamic.
Setting: refers to TIME and PLACE:
Style: The way the writer chooses to arrange his
sentence structure (syntax) as well as the words (diction) he chooses. What is the overall effect of the way he writes? Simple,
involved, poetic, colloquial, humorous, pedantic, child-like? How does it
contribute to the author’s message and the overall effect the author wishes to
create?
mood is the atmosphere of the story
tone is the author's attitude towards the
topic. Joyful? Melancholy?
Fatalistic? Angry? Peaceful? Scary? Mysterious?
We can identify both
mood and tone by looking at the setting, characters, details, and word choices
POINT OF VIEW Who is the narrator?
first person or
third person? (limited or omniscient?) Why significant? Do you trust the
narrator?
Figurative language is
when you use a word or phrase that does not have its
normal everyday, literal
meaning. Writers use figurative language to make
their work more
interesting or more dramatic than literal language, which
simply states facts.
- simile - comparison using like
or as
- metaphor- direct comparison,
using a form of the verb to be
- personification- human
qualities / attributes to non human
- onomatopoeia- sounds reflective
of the sense of a word
- oxymoron- contradictory terms appear
in conjunction (falsely true)
- hyperbole- exaggeration
- allusion- an expression
designed to call something to mind to call something o mind without
explicitly mentioning it.
- idiom- expressions that reflect
some underlying ideas our principles of a culture. "hot potato";
"at the drop of a hat"; "hot mess"
- Imagery- sensory language
(seeing, sound, taste, feeling, olfactory)
- symbolism- use of symbols
- alliteration-the occurrence of
the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected
words.
- assonance- repetition of vowel
sounds
- consonance- repetition of
consonance sounds within words (pitter patter)
- synecdoche- a part represents
the whole
- irony-words are used in such a
way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of
the words.
- sarcasm (also a rhetorical
device); words meant to hurt; different than irony
- litotes- understatement
- pun- form of word play
that suggests two or more meanings
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